Directions: (1 –10): Read the following passage carefully and answers the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

Development in its theoretical aspect in the Third World has never been a straight job because of the historical complexities of such societies. In the language of the laity, development for the poor means less poverty, more equity, less unemployment. Added, of late, to these are the concerns for a better environmental protection. While all that is important for a society to develop, are notion of development extends itself to a more comprehensive goal of human development taking it from the aggregate to the individual level.

Experts keep arranging and rearranging the development notions because they have discovered macro or meso-economic achievement do not always settle down at the micro level. The one outcome of these efforts is the recognition that development is multi-disciplinary exercise, not just an economic proposition. It involves objectives and goals, the plurality of which may often look confounding. The enormous changes in the world economic scenario and the process of the Third World development have shown the inter-dependence of nations. But it also shows such interdependence is still for a large part asymmetrical, threatening the very goal of development with both political and economic ramifications and widening the divide. To correct that situation and secure development efforts from mercantile predators, it must be viewed as global propositions, that development in one country to region percolates into other by, force of market economy. It has to be recognized that the central questions in the evaluation of development economics is whether it has contributed to narrowing the global welfare gap. One example of predatory mercantilism is the demand of the donor countries for structural adjustment of poor economies which led to devastating results in some Latin American and African countries.

Poverty has become widespread in urban Latin American and African countries because adjustment was made in an unfriendly environment without adequate preparations. The important point about structural adjustment is to equip people and involve them in the globalization process. The crucial point for successful development strategy is the political commitment of the authorities and building up a social security structure for the poor. The Indian experience with the various government sponsored guarantee schemes, and their failure in some of the areas, show that building a social security network is mainly a political exercise. In contrast, we have seen in China how organizational instrumental brought about a very large number of rural infrastructural investment projects which laid the foundation of a successful agricultural development. There are less instance of undernourishment in China which had also recorded a better access to such public services as health and education. The result of the differing achievements of the two countries could be seen in the significant difference in life expectancy of 20 for China as against 9 for India. 

1. What are ‘such’ societies?

(1) India and China

(2) Latin American and African countries

(3) Developing countries

(4) Nations inter-dependent on each other.

(5) None of these.

2. What can be definitely concluded from the passage?

(1) Politics has dominated the Indian scenario. 

(2) Many third world nations are in the clutches of too much interdependence.

(3) china is much better off than India 

(4)Development encompasses the nations as well as the nationalists.

(5) Political commitment precedes social welfare as well as achievements.

3. Latin American and African countries have suffered due to_______.

(1) Poverty                    (2) Lack of security  (3) Bad economy

(4) Globalization            (5) None of these

4. Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE?

(A) Development is a mere theory today 

(B) Economic achievements have not always reached to the roots.

(C) Inter dependence of nations results in a divide.

(1) Only A                     (2) Only B         (3) Only C

(4) Only A and B            (5) Only A and C

5. According to the author development truly comprises_________?

(1) Adequate preparation even if the atmosphere is not amicable 

(2) More equity resulting in better access to public and social services.

(3) Well sponsored government schemes.

(4) Termination o mercantilism.

(5) None of these

Directions (6-8): Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in meaning as word printed in bold letters as used in context of the passage.

6. Laity

(1) novice                      (2) Layman        (3) Ignorant

(4) Commoners             (5) Professionals

7. Predators    

(1) exploiter                   (2) Exploited     (3) Hunter

(4) carnivorous             (5) Mighty

8. Asymmetrical

(1) Corresponding         (2) Irregular        (3) Features

(4) Regulating                (5) None of these

Directions (9-10): Which of the following is most nearly the NOT SAME in meaning as word printed in bold letters as used in context of the passage.

9. Plurality

(1) orthodox                  (2) Fanaticism   (3) Conservatism

(4) Unilateral                  (5) None of these

10. Devastating

(1) Ruinous                   (2) Conducive    (3) Hopeless

(4) Futile                       (5) Help less

Answer: -

1.         3)

2.       3)

3.       1)

4.       5)

5.       2)

6.       2)

7.       1)

8.       2)

9.       4)

10.     2)